How to Pluralize Nouns in Early Modern Nahuatl

Pluralization

 

In the Nahuatl Language you only pluralize animate objects and inanimate objects that are metaphorically animate.

 

  • Nouns ending with -tl (-h, -meh)

 

One option is -h, which can be difficult because documents from the sixteenth and seventeenth century do not always include this suffix at the end of a word.  Another option is -meh.

 

Singular                                                Plural

Cihuatl  (she is a woman)              Cihuah (They are women)

Titlacatl  (you are a human)         Titlacameh (We are humans)

Mexicatl (He is from Mexico)      Mexicah (They are from Mexico)

 

 

  • Nouns ending in -tli (-tin, -meh)

Nouns ending with the absolutive suffix -tli will lose the suffix and take a -tin. Alternatively, these nouns could take a -meh. An important difference between nouns that end in -tli and thouse that in in -tl is that those that end in -tli will typically have a consonant left exposed, and will never take just an -h.

 

Singular                                                                Plural

Oquictli (he is a man)                     Oquichtin (they are men)

Nitahtli (I am a father)                    Titahmeh (we are fathers)

Tinantli (you are a mother)          Tinantmeh (we are mothers)

 

  • Nouns ending in -li the plural will be -tin

 

 

This ending is fairly simple and straightforward. The -li suffix falls off, and the noun will take a -tin.

 

Singular                                                Plural

Machehualli                       Macehualtin

 

  • The -in suffix will be pluralized with –meh, and –tin

Like the -tli suffix, the -in suffix will take a -meh or -tin when you are pluralizing.

Singular                                Plural

 

 

  • Possessed nouns are pluralized with -huan.

As you will recall, when a noun is possessed, it loses its absolutive suffix irrespective of pluralization. When a possessed noun is pluralized, it will be expressed with a -huan, regardless of its original absolutive suffix.

 

Singular                                Plural

Nocihuauh          Nocihuahuan (my women)

Mochichi              Mochichihuan (your dogs)

Imacehual           Imacehualhuan (her subjects)